![]() ![]() Host RangeĬonsidered a problem for apple and pear, E. Above 95° F cell density on and in the plant can actually decline (Pusey and Curry 2004). At air temperatures above 70° F, the rate of cell division increases rapidly and is fastest at 80° F. Cell division is minimal below 50° F, and relatively slow at air temperatures between 50 to 70° F. ![]() The bacterium grows by splitting its cells and this rate of division is regulated by temperature. ![]() Casual Organismįire blight is caused by Erwinia amylovora, a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. In Washington there have been minor outbreaks annually since 1991 and serious damage in about 5 to 10 percent of orchards in 1993, 1997, 1998, 2005, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2016, 20. Increased acreage of highly susceptible apple varieties on highly susceptible rootstocks has increased the danger that infected blocks will suffer significant damage. Infections commonly occur during bloom or on late blooms during the three weeks following petal fall. Updated April 13, 2023.įire blight is an important disease affecting pear and apple. For an accessible format of this publication, visit /accessibility.By Tianna DuPont, Associate Professor, Washington State University Tim Smith, Washington State University Tree Fruit Extension Specialist Emeritus Ken Johnson, Professor of Plant Pathology Oregon State University Youfu Zhao, Washington State University. Melanie Lewis Ivey or your county Extension Educator.ĬFAES provides research and related educational programs to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis. For more information on how to slow or prevent antibiotic resistance development in E. Antibiotics applied to shoots will not be effective at controlling fire blight and will increase the risk of resistance development in the pathogen. In addition, antibiotics should only be applied during the bloom period. Alternatives to streptomycin include kasugamycin and oxytetracycline. Orchards with strains of streptomycin resistant Erwinia amylovora should reduce or eliminate the use of streptomycin for fire blight management. In 2018, strains of Erwinia amylovora (the cause of fire blight) resistant to streptomycin, were detected in Ohio apple orchards. The ability of bacterial pathogens to acquire antibiotic-resistance genes has resulted in reduce control of crop diseases as well as issues that affect successful treatment of some specific human bacterial infections. Antibiotic resistance evolves in bacteria through mutations in target-site proteins or through the acquisition of antibiotic-resistance genes. However, in crop production systems where antibiotics are used multiple times in a season and over many seasons, antibiotic resistance can be a problem. Antibiotics, specifically streptomycin, represent the best option for fire blight of apple and pear control. ![]() Pesticide Stewardship of Speciality Crops: Train-the-Trainer Manualįungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) website and FRAC Code List (2020) Antibiotic Resistance ManagementĪntibiotics are used for the management of only a few bacterial plant diseases due in part because of the expense involved. In addition to the information on fungicide resistance in the OSU spray guides the following resources are available on fungicide and antibiotic resistance.įRAME Interpreting FRAC 11 Fungicide Resistance Tests and Powdery Mildew Resistance Management for Grape Midwest Fruit Pest Management Guide 2023-2024Ī spray program should be thoughtfully developed to prevent and slow the development of fungicide or antibiotic resistant pathogens in the planting.Strawberry Spay Guides Kentucky State University Small Fruit Consortium 2020.Grape Disease Susceptibility and Sulfur Sensitivity List (Hard copies of the Midwest Fruit Pest Management Guide are available for purchase ($15) through Purdue Extension) Midwest Fruit Pest Management Guide 2023-2024 Always consult the fungicide label to confirm that recommended fungicides are still registered for use in Ohio. Any fungicide recommendations included in the OSU guides are specific to Ohio and only guaranteed to be valid for the year that the guides were published. Melanie Lewis Ivey if you have any questions about the material provided in the spray guides. ![]()
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